Robert A. Freitas Jr. is Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, where he has worked since 1994, and also serves as CEO of Nanofactory Corporation and Nanofactory CBN, the world’s first molecular manufacturing company. A pioneer in medical nanotechnology and nanorobotics, he is the author of the first technical book series on nanomedicine, Nanomedicine, Vols. I and IIA. He has written hundreds of papers on medical nanorobots and molecular nanotechnology and co-authored Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines, another first-of-its-kind technical treatise. He received the 2009 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology for Theory for his foundational contributions to the field. His chapter, “Radical Longevity Using Advanced Medical Nanorobots,” explores how future nanomedical systems may enable unprecedented extensions of healthy human lifespan.